A newly uncovered medieval manuscript has cast serious doubt on the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, a religious relic long believed by many to have wrapped the body of Jesus Christ after his crucifixion. The linen cloth, which bears the faint image of a crucified man, has been a subject of intense debate and veneration for centuries, drawing thousands of Christian pilgrims to Turin, Italy.
The latest challenge to its legitimacy comes from a document written by 14th-century Norman theologian Nicole Oresme, who later became a bishop. In his writings, Oresme bluntly denounces the Shroud as a “clear” and “patent” forgery. He accuses clergymen of fabricating such relics in the mid-12th century to attract offerings and increase church revenues. His words, recently examined by researchers, suggest that even in the Middle Ages, there was scepticism around the cloth’s authenticity.
This historical revelation aligns with modern scientific analyses. Earlier this month, Brazilian 3D digital designer Cicero Moraes used advanced modelling software to examine the Shroud’s imprints. His findings concluded that the image could only have been made by a sculpture, not by a real human body. Furthermore, radiocarbon dating has previously placed the linen’s origin between the 13th and 14th centuries, well after the time of Christ.
Dr Nicolas Sarzeaud, who led the recent study, emphasised the significance of Oresme’s dismissal, quoting the theologian’s warning against trusting miracle claims made by clergy for financial gain. Professor Andrea Nicolotti, an expert on the Shroud, supported the findings, stating that the new document corroborates existing historical evidence doubting the relic’s authenticity.
Despite mounting evidence, the Shroud continues to inspire devotion among many Christians. Theories surrounding its origin range from natural chemical processes and early photographic techniques to divine intervention during the Resurrection. Nevertheless, this newly discovered medieval manuscript adds weight to the argument that the Shroud of Turin may be one of history’s most enduring religious deceptions.
